Box-car.



BOX CAR.

(Applimion med sept. 4, 1900.;

Sheet I.

3 Sheets (No Modei) Ncmms Ferias so, mmaumo.. wnwmm'm. o4 c,

Patented Mar. l2, I90L -G. I. KING.

BOX CAR.

(Application ledsept. 4, 1990.)

3 Sheds-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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. Patented Mar. l2," |901. s. Kms. y

BOX CAR.

V(Applicmnm med seyn 4, 1900.) (H o M o d el I 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

0676557? ojgefj7g. Z f I Tn: nanars ma: ca., Puo'roumo.. wnnm UNTTED STATES PATENT Ormes.

GEORGE I. KING, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN CAR @t FOUNDRY COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

BOX-CAR.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 669,797, dated March 12, 1901.

Application led September 4, 1900. Serial. No. 28.901. (No model.)

[o @ZZ whom it' may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE I. KING, a citi- Zen of the United States, residing at the city of Detroit, in the State of Michigan, haveinvented a certain new and usefullmprovemeut in Box-Cars, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a side elevational view of the skeleton framing of my improved box-car. Fig. 2 is a horizontal longitudinal sectional view of the same, taken on line 2 2, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an end elevational view of the same. Fig. s is an enlarged transverse sectional View of a portion of my improved box-car. Fig. 5 is a detail side elevational View, partly zoin section, parts being broken away to economiZe space, of my improved box-car. Fig. 6 is in part a detail plan and in part a detail horizontal sectional view of my improved box-car, the same being readable, approximately, on the indicating-line 6 6 of Fig. 5; and Fig. 7 is a detail plan view of a portion of one of the nailing-strips or wooden side sills employed in carrying out my invention.l

This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in car construction, and particularly to that type of car known as boxcars.

The object of my present invention is to construct the under framing of metal, either in the shape of commercially-rolled forms, castings, rolled or bent plates or a combination of such types. The door, side walls, and roof are preferably of wood, as usual, in addition to which I introduce commercially rolled or pressed side sills and side plates, the latter forming the upper chords of a trussed structure, of which the side sills are the lower chords, said trussed structure constituting the side framing of the car. Wooden vertical post-sand diagonals are also employed, in addition to which suspension-rods are used in juxtaposition to the vertical posts for tying the chords together. I prefer to use metallic carlines, suitably cambered to give headroom in the center of the car, whereby said cars may be used for shipping furniture, as well as other classes of freight.

With this object in view the invention consists in the arrangement, construction, and combination of the several parts, all as will hereinafter be described, and afterward pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, l indicates the center sills, which are preferably made of commerciallyrolled channels, with their anges presented outwardly, said center sills extending practically throughout the length of the car, being received by end sills 2 at the end of the car, which end sills may be of the usual construction.

3 indicates the body-holsters, which are preferably of the design illustrated in an application for patent filed by me May 7, 1900, Serial No. 15,814. These body-holsters are preferably elevated in their centers to take the deep-channel center sills, and consist of interposed castings 4 between the center sills, top and bottom cover-plates 5 and 6, respectively, and the web-castings 7, which latter extend laterally beyond the cover-plates and receive the side sills at their ends.

In order to strengthenthe center sills between the holsters, I arrange a cover-plate 9 thereon, which cover-plate is riveted to the top flanges of the channels and which extend practically the distance between the holsters. The bottom flanges of the center sills are, if required, reinforced by strips 10, which practically extend the distance between the bolsters, and the bottom of the center sills are tied by lattice-bars ll for well-understood purposes. The center sill is inverted or U- shaped in cross-section, and being practically open at its bottom access may be had to rivets from the inside.

12 indicates floor-beams, which are secured near the upper edges of the center sills by suitable connection-angles, said door-beams being preferably I-shaped in cross-section. These door-beams extend laterally aud are secured by suitable angle connections to the side sills 13, said side sills practically extending throughout the length of the car and being secured at their ends to the end sills. These side sills I3 are preferablyin the form IOO of angles whose horizontal members extend outwardly, their vertical members being riveted directly to a connection-plate 14 upon the ends of the body-holsters, a reinforcing angle or angles 15 being arranged outside of said connection-plate for supporting the horizontal ange of the side sills.

16 indicates a series of pockets riveted directly to the upper faces of the side sills and to the end sill for receiving the vertical posts and diagonals, which form part of the side and end frames ofthe car. These pockets are preferably made of malleable iron and are of appropriate design to suit the dimensions and inclination of the posts or diagonals which they receive.

17 indicates the door posts, 1S corner-posts, 19 the intermediate side posts, and 20 the intermediate end posts, all of which posts are vertically disposed and preferably made of wood. These serve as nailing-strips, as well as spacing-struts, and assist in strengthening the frame against lateral bulging.

21 indicates the diagonals, which are arranged to act as columns, the sections of these diagonals being preferably increased from the door-post to the point over the body-holsters, said increment in section being for the purpose of carrying the increased loads to which said diagonals are subjected as their position approaches the point of support.

22 indicates the diagonals at the ends of the car.

23 represents angles forming the upper chords of the side trusses, said angles having riveted to them at appropriate points suitable pockets 24, which pockets are preferably made of malleable iron and shaped to suit the dimensions and inclination of the vertical posts and diagonals which they are designed to receive.

Usually in the construction of box-cars where wooden top and bottom chords, vertical wooden posts, and diagonals are employed transverse shrinkage of the horizontal members will so affect the relation between the parts that as a necessary consequence the car will sag or belly in the middle even though given an initial camber when new. There is then no way to take up such shrinkage,except by tightening the longitudinal truss-rods. This is not satisfactory, because there isa play between the parts, which will necessarily loosen the inside and outside walls,so that the nails which are employed for securing said walls in position will work ont. Vertical rods have been usually employed to tie the sills and side plates together in such a construction; but where the heads or nuts on these rods bear directly upon the wood or upon washers i-nterposed therebetween and the wood they usually offer an insecure support, because the wood will be mashed and chat'ed, and so far as oering a support is concerned when the wood is crushed these rods might as well be left out, as they areA practically useless after being in service a short time. This taken in connection with the transverse shrinkage of the chords will greatly aggravate the bellying of the car unless the longitudinal truss-rods are relied upon. There are no longitudinal truss-rods in my construction, the rigidity of the side frames preventing their sagging nndersuch portion of the load as maybe brought upon them.

In my present construction it will be noted that the side sills and the angles 23 are substantially parallel, being spaced apart by the vertical posts and diagonals hereinbefore described. I employ rods 25 to tie these angles together and clamp the vertical posts and diagonals in position. Next the door-posts, say, of a forty-ton car, rods 25 may be comparatively light, preferably seven-eighths of an inch in diameter, but one rod being employed at each post. Two rods 25b of the same di ameter may be used in connection with the next. adjacent posts 19, while two rods 25c of increased diameter-say one inchare employed in juxtaposition to the next adjacent posts 19b or the second posts from the doorposts. Rods 25d are also preferably used in juxtaposition to the corner-posts- Allof these rods are provided with heads or nuts on their upper ends, which bear directly upon the horizontal anges of the angles 23, while the lower ends are threaded and receive nuts bearing directly against the under face of the horizontal flange of the side sills, suitable jamnuts being employed in connection therewith, as is well understood.

From the diagrammatic view shown in Fig. 1 it will beA seen that the floor-load is carried by the center sills and the side frames, comprising the side-sill angles, the top angles 23, and interposed vertical post-s and diagonals and rods hereinbefore described. The load carried by the side frames of the car, assuming that the load is equally distributed on the floor, will be supported, starting at a point between the door-posts 17, by the side sills, which at the door-posts may be said to be suspended from the upper angles 23 by the rods 252N in juxtaposition to the door-posts. The wooden diagonals 21" next the door-posts are thus placed in compression, and bearing upon the side sills at the points of attachment of the next vertical rods 25b transmit to said rods the vertical component of the stress in the diagonals 21a, in addition to which the said rods take up their proportion of the floor-load carried by the underframe at these points. Thus the rods 25b in juxtaposition to the next adjacent posts 19a are in tension. The upper angle 23 is in compression between the door-posts 17, by reason of the horizontal component of the stress in the oppositelyinclined diagonals 21a. At the same time and for a similar reason the side sills between the first adjacent intermediate posts 19a next the door-posts are in tension. The post and brace pockets being xedly attached to metal chords will efficiently transmit these horizontal stresses, whereas were wooden chords used IIO and the pockets bolted thereto the play between the members, due to the longitudinal crushing of the wood, would permit of additional defiection of the side frames. From the points of suspension of these rods 25b the next diagonale 2lb are placed in compression to their points of support, which are in the plane of the next vertical posts 19b and the rods 25C. The side sill is thus supported by these rods 25. The rods 25, suspended from above by the angle 23,will transmit the load to the next diagonals 21C, which are the largest in cross-section, said last-mentioned diagonals being placed in compression and bear at points coincident with the main supports of the underframing-to Wit, the body-bolsters. The vertical posts 19c in the transverse planes of the body-bolsters, Which may be designated as transom-posts, help to support angles 23. The cantaliver-panels or overhanging ends of the side framing defined by the chords, the transom-posts 19, and end posts 18 are provided with diagonals 21d, sloping in opposite direction from the other diagonale above described and transmit their loads Vto t-he feet of the transom-posts above the holsters. The center sills, reinforced by the cover-plate and thel strips along their lower flanges, (if required, by the binding moment to which the beam is to be subjected,) carry their proportion of the floor-load. The floor-beams 12 are secured to the center and side sills for carrying the intermediate longitudinal wooden floor sills or stringers. These tloor-beams l2 are preferably arranged in the transverse planes of the side vertical posts to concentrate the floor-loads at these points, and thus largely reduce the stresses in the side sills due to transverse loading. Said beams also practically divide the licor-frame into panels and are bridged by the longitudinal intermediate sills,` Which carry the lioorboards. lt will be seen that these i'loor-beams l2 are placed comparatively close together, and having two intermediate sills on each side of the center sill both Hoor-beams and said said intermediate sills may be made comparatively light.

ln order to provide a nailing-base for the outer boards 26, which form the side walls of the car, l introduce furring-strips 27 in the angles 23, as shown more clearly in Figs. 4 and 5. These furring-strips may be bolted in position to the angles, as is Well understood.

are nailed to the outer face of this sill 28. Tie-bolts are employed, as is Well understood, to bolt sills 28 to the vertical posts.

29 indicates the tioor of the car, which is nailed to the longitudinal Wooden sills or stringers, above which and at the sides of the car are arranged fillets 30.

It' desired, an inuerlining3l maybe secured to the vertical posts and diagonals. Both the inner lining and the outer side Walls of the care are preferably nailed to the Vertical posts and diagonale, and, if desired, nailing-strips 32 may be introduced, which nailing-strips practically serve as belt-rails.

The roof of the car is supported by metallic carlines 32'-,which are preferably rolled channels and bent or cambered to conform to the shape of the roof. The ends of these carlines rest upon spacing-blocks 33, (see Fig. 5,) arranged upon the angles 23. Threaded strapbolts 34 are riveted to the sides of the carline at their ends, which rods pass through the side Walls and facia-plates, receiving nuts on their outer ends, whereby said carlines practically act as tie-rods to secure the top of the car against lateral bulging or spreading. As shown in Fig. 4, spacing-blocks 33, which altord seats for the ends of the carlines, have lianges at their edges to prevent lateral displacement, and for this reason said spacing-blocks might be termed saddles, upon which the ends of the carline are seated.

35 indicates the purlins, which are preferably bolted to the carlines, the outer purlins, or those located in the vertical plane of the angles 23, having their bolts extending down through said angles in order to clamp the purlin, the end of the carline, and the saddle upon which the carline is seated in position upon the angle 23. A

36 indicates the usual inside roofing-sheet, and 37 the usual outside rooting-sheathing.

l am aware that minor changes in the arrangement, construction, and combination of the several parts of my device can be made and substituted for those herein shown and described without in the least departing from the nature and principle of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. ln a box-car, the combination with the body-holsters, of trussed side frames supported by the ends of the holsters, said frames being arranged to carry their proportion of the load without the assistance of longitudinal truss-rods or other supports intermediate the holsters, said frames consisting of top and bottom metallic chords, the former being placed in compression, and the latter being attached to the ends of the holsters and placed in tension, post and diagonal pockets immovably attached to said metallic chords, wooden posts and diagonale fitting in said pockets, which posts and diagonale are subjected to compressive stresses only, and metallic suspending-rods in juxtaposition to said posts, said suspending-rods being subjected to tensile stresses only, and coperating with the metallic chords, substantially as described.

2. In a box-car, the combination with the IIO body-holsters, of a center sill attached to and carried by the holsters, trussed side frames supported bythe ends of the holsters, said frames being arranged to carry their proportion of the load without the assistance of longitudinal truss-rods or other supports intermediate the holsters, said frames consisting of top and bottom metallic chords, the former being placed in compression and the latter being attached to the holsters and placed in tension, post and diagonal pockets immovably attached to said metallic chords, wooden posts and diagonals fitting in said pockets, which posts and diagonals are subjected to compressive stresses only, metallic suspending-rods in juxtaposition to said posts and cooperating with the metallic chords, said suspending -rods being subjected to tensile stresses only, and Hoor-beams attached to and supported by the center sill and bottom chords of the trussed side frames, said iioorbeams being arranged in the transverse planes of the suspending-rods, substantially as described.

3. In a box-car, the combination with the body-holsters, of a center sill attached to and carried by the holsters, trussed side frames supported by the ends of the holsters, said frames being arranged to carry their proportion of the load Without the assistance of longitudinal truss-rods or other supports intermediate the holsters, said frames consisting ot top and bottom metallic chords, the former being placed in compression and the latter being attached to the holsters and placed in tension, post and diagonal pockets immovably attached to said metallic chords, wooden posts and diagonals titting in said pockets, which posts and diagonals are subjected to compressive stresses only, metallic suspendingrods in juxtaposition to said posts and coperating with the metallic chords, said suspending rods being subjected to tensile stresses only, and door-beams attached to and supported by the center sill and bottom chords of the trussed side frames, said floorbeams being arranged in the transverse planes of the suspending-rods and serving to tie the bottom chord members in position intermediate the holsters, carlines attached to and supported by the top chords of the trussed side frames for tying the upper portions of said side frames in position, substantially as described.

4. In a box-car, the combination with the body-holsters, of channel center sills extending from bolster to bolster and connected by a cover-plate attached to their top lianges, lattice-bars attached to the bottom flanges of said channels, whereby access is had to the space between the channels for driving rivets, trussed side frames supported by the ends of the holsters, said trames being arranged to carry their proportion of the load without the assistance of longitudinal truss-rods or other supports intermediate the holsters, said frames consisting of top and bottom metallic chords, the former being placed in compression and the latter being attached to the holsters and placed in tension, post and diagonal pockets im movably attached to said metallic chords, wooden posts and diagonals litting in said pockets, which posts and diagonals are subjected to compressive stresses only, metallic suspending-rods 'in juxtaposition to said posts and coperating with the metallic chords, said suspending-rods being subjected to tensile stresses only, and floorbeams attached to and supported by the center sill and bottom chords of the trussed side frames, said floor-beams being arranged in the transverse planes of the suspending-rods, substantially as described.

5. In a box-car, the combination with the body-holsters, of a center sill attached to and carried by the holsters, metallic side sills continuous from end to end of the car and attached to the ends of the body-holsters, said side sills forming the bottom chords of trussed side frames, metallic side plates continuous throughout the length of the car and forming the top chords of the trussed side frames, wooden posts and diagonals seated in pockets which are fixed with relation to the top and bottom chords, the side walls of the car being nailed to said posts and diagonals, metallic suspending-rods in juxtaposition to the posts and cooperating with said top and bottom chords, and metallic door beams attached to and supported by the center and side sills, said licor-beams being in the transverse planes of the suspending-rods, substantially as described.

6. In a car, the combination with side-sill angles, of side-plate angles 23, post and diagonal pockets attached to said angles, wooden posts and diagonals seated in said pockets, and rods suspended Yfrom the angles 23 and passing through the side-sill angles, said rods decreasing in section as they approach the center of the car and forming the sole supports for the side sill between the holsters of the car, substantially as described.

7. The combination with a metallic member, of a saddle carried thereby, a metallic carline seated in said saddle, and means on the carline passing through the side walls and the facia-plates for tying the side walls ol the car, substantially as described.

8. In a car, the combination with side-sill angles, of angles 23, post and diagonal pockets attached to said angles, Wooden vertical posts and diagonals seated in said pockets which decrease in section as they approach the center of the car, and rods suspended from the angles 23 which form the sole supports for the side-sill angles between the bodyholsters of the car, substantially as described.

9. The combination with a metallic member, of a saddle carried thereby, a metallic carline seat-ed in said saddle,said carlinpe forming a tie-rod for the side walls ot' the car, a pur- IOO IIO

1o to the lower edges, said strips andbars being placed in tension under load, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses, this 4th day of September, 1900.

GEORGE I. KING.

Witnesses:

F. R. CORNWALL, CHAs. W. PARKER. 

